Theoretical Foundations
***********************

Architecture Overview
*********************

OJU is built on a modular architecture that separates concerns between different components:

1. **Agent Core**: The central component that handles the execution flow
2. **Provider Interface**: Abstract layer for different LLM providers
3. **Prompt Management**: System for organizing and retrieving prompts
4. **Concurrency Layer**: Manages parallel execution of multiple agents

Design Principles
*****************

1. **Extensibility**
   - Provider-agnostic design allows adding new LLM providers with minimal code changes
   - Plugin architecture for custom components

2. **Performance**
   - Asynchronous I/O for non-blocking operations
   - Parallel execution of independent agents
   - Connection pooling and request batching

3. **Usability**
   - Intuitive API design
   - Comprehensive error handling
   - Detailed logging and monitoring

Agent System Architecture
*************************


.. code-block:: text
   :caption: Agent System Architecture

   +------------------+     +-----------------+     +-----------------+
   |   User           |     |  Agent Manager  |     |    Agent 1      |
   |   Application    |---->|                 |---->|    Agent 2      |
   +------------------+     +--------+--------+     |    ...          |
                                     |             |    Agent N      |
                                     |             +--------+--------+
                                     |                      |
                                     v                      v
   +------------------+     +-----------------+     +--------+--------+
   |   OpenAI         |     |  Provider       |<-----+  Provider     |
   |   Anthropic      |<----|  Interface      |      |  Interface   |
   |   Google Gemini  |     |                 |<--+   |              |
   +------------------+     +-----------------+   |   +--------------+
                                                 |
                                                 |   +--------------+
                                                 +---|  Provider    |
                                                     |  Interface   |
                                                     +--------------+

Concurrency Model
*****************

OJU employs a hybrid concurrency model:

1. **Thread-based Parallelism**
   - Each agent runs in its own thread
   - I/O-bound operations are non-blocking
   - Thread pool for managing worker threads

2. **Asynchronous Execution**
   - Async/await pattern for I/O operations
   - Event loop for managing concurrent tasks
   - Backpressure handling for rate limiting

Prompt Engineering
******************

OJU implements several prompt engineering best practices:

1. **Templating System**
   - Reusable prompt templates
   - Variable substitution
   - Conditional logic in prompts

2. **Context Management**
   - Conversation history tracking
   - Token window management
   - Context summarization for long conversations

3. **Response Formatting**
   - Structured output generation
   - JSON schema validation
   - Streaming responses

Security Considerations
***********************

1. **Data Protection**
   - API key management
   - Secure credential storage
   - Request encryption

2. **Rate Limiting**
   - Request throttling
   - Exponential backoff
   - Circuit breaker pattern

3. **Compliance**
   - Data retention policies
   - Logging and audit trails
   - Privacy controls

Performance Optimization
************************

1. **Caching Layer**
   - Response caching
   - Embedding caching
   - Vector similarity search

2. **Batch Processing**
   - Request batching
   - Parallel processing
   - Pipeline optimization

3. **Resource Management**
   - Connection pooling
   - Memory management
   - Garbage collection

Future Directions
*****************

1. **Advanced Features**
   - Multi-agent collaboration
   - Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF)
   - Fine-tuning support

2. **Scalability**
   - Distributed execution
   - Load balancing
   - Auto-scaling

3. **Extensibility**
   - Custom provider plugins
   - Third-party integrations
   - Community contributions